Long-tailed Duck
Clangula hyemalis
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Overview
The Long-tailed Duck is a specialist offshore sea duck — compact, buoyant and distinctive. The male's long central tail feathers are visible even at distance. They breed on Arctic tundra and winter offshore on northern seas, with some reaching the Irish Sea. Sightings off Formby are uncommon but regular in hard winters. They can dive to 60 metres — deeper than any other diving duck. Their musical, yodelling call is distinctive.
At a Glance
| Order | Anseriformes |
| Family | Anatidae |
| Habitat | Open sea · Offshore coastal water |
| Diet | Molluscs, crustaceans, fish — dives deep in open sea |
| UK population | Winter only; global population declining significantly |
| Sefton Coast | Occasional offshore — sometimes single birds, occasionally small groups |
| Conservation | UK Amber List |
Where to See It
Offshore from Formby Point and Ainsdale beach. Most likely on rough winter days.
Identification
Small, compact sea duck. Winter male: white body with dark cheeks and breast patches, long pointed tail. Female: brown with white face and dark patches. Buoyant swimming posture, short neck. Long tail of male visible in flight.
Viewing & Photography Tips
Scan offshore from Formby Point in December–February, especially after northerly gales. A telescope is essential. The buoyant posture and long tail are distinctive even at distance.
Conservation Status
UK Amber List
This species is on the UK Amber List for Birds (BoCC5), indicating moderate concern. Population monitoring and habitat management remain important for its continued recovery.
Frequently Asked Questions
How deep can Long-tailed Ducks dive?
Long-tailed Ducks can dive to depths of 60 metres — a record for diving ducks. They are propelled underwater by both wings and feet simultaneously. They feed on molluscs, crustaceans and small fish on the seabed in deep water, making them one of the most pelagic of the diving ducks.
Related Species
Plan your visit to the Sefton Coast
Marshside RSPB, Formby pinewoods, Ainsdale NNR — practical guides to getting there, what to bring, and the best spots for each season.